Gorilla trekking in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, is one of the most sought-after wildlife experiences in the world. Nestled within the Virunga Mountains, this park is a sanctuary for the endangered mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Every year, thousands of visitors embark on an unforgettable journey through dense forests to observe these majestic primates in their natural habitat.
The trek is not just an adventure; it is also a critical part of gorilla conservation efforts, as revenue from tourism helps protect these great apes and their environment. This article explores the history, trekking experience, conservation efforts, and practical tips for those planning to visit Volcanoes National Park for gorilla trekking.
Volcanoes National Park was established in 1925, making it one of Africa’s oldest national parks. It was originally created to protect the mountain gorillas from poaching and habitat destruction. The park gained global attention thanks to Dian Fossey, an American primatologist who conducted groundbreaking research on gorillas in the 1960s and 1970s. Her work, highlighted in the book and movie Gorillas in the Mist, brought international awareness to the plight of these primates and led to stronger conservation efforts.
Despite past threats such as poaching, deforestation, and civil conflicts, gorilla populations have been gradually recovering. Today, Volcanoes National Park is a UNESCO-recognized conservation area, and gorilla trekking plays a significant role in funding protection efforts.
The Gorilla Trekking Experience
Gorilla trekking is a rigorous but rewarding activity that requires visitors to hike through rugged terrain in search of habituated gorilla families.
1. Getting a Gorilla Permit
To trek gorillas, visitors must obtain a gorilla trekking permit, which costs $1,500 per person. The permits are issued by the Rwanda Development Board (RDB) and are limited to ensure a low-impact, sustainable tourism approach. Permits often sell out months in advance, so early booking is recommended.
2. Briefing and Group Allocation
On the morning of the trek, visitors gather at the Kinigi Park Headquarters for a briefing by park rangers. Here, they learn about:
- The rules and guidelines for trekking
- Safety precautions
- Gorilla behavior
Trekkers are then assigned to a specific gorilla family. Groups are limited to 8 people per gorilla family, ensuring minimal disturbance to the animals.
3. The Trek Through the Forest
The trekking journey varies depending on the location of the assigned gorilla family. The hike can range from 1 to 6 hours and traverses different terrains, including bamboo forests, steep slopes, and dense vegetation. Trekkers are accompanied by:
- Experienced park guides who lead the way
- Trackers who locate the gorillas based on their previous movements
- Armed rangers for security
The hike itself is an adventure, offering opportunities to see other wildlife, such as golden monkeys, birds, and forest elephants.
4. Encountering the Gorillas
Once the gorilla family is located, visitors are allowed a maximum of 1 hour to observe and photograph them. This experience is breathtaking, as trekkers get to see gorillas playing, feeding, grooming, and interacting within their groups.
Guidelines for interacting with gorillas include:
- Maintaining a 7-meter distance (though gorillas sometimes come closer on their own)
- Avoiding direct eye contact to prevent aggression
- Staying quiet and calm to avoid disturbing the gorillas
- No flash photography
Seeing a silverback (dominant male) in his full glory or watching a mother care for her baby is a magical moment that few experiences can match.
5. Returning from the Trek
After the one-hour encounter, trekkers begin their return journey to the park headquarters. The entire trek can last anywhere between 4 to 8 hours, depending on the gorillas’ location.
At the end of the trek, visitors receive a certificate of participation, commemorating their incredible wildlife experience.
Best Time for Gorilla Trekking
Gorilla trekking is available year-round, but the best time to visit is during the dry seasons:
- June to September
- December to February
During these months, trails are less muddy and easier to navigate. The wet seasons (March to May and October to November) bring heavy rainfall, making the trek more challenging but also offering a lush and vibrant forest landscape.
What to Pack for Gorilla Trekking
A successful gorilla trekking experience requires proper preparation. Essential items include:
- Hiking boots – Sturdy, waterproof boots are essential for navigating rough terrain.
- Long-sleeved shirts and pants – Protect against scratches, insects, and nettles.
- Rain jacket or poncho – Rain is common in the forest, even during dry seasons.
- Gloves – Useful for gripping vegetation and protecting hands from thorns.
- Walking stick – Provided at the briefing center but also available for rent.
- Water and snacks – The trek can be long and exhausting.
- Camera (no flash allowed) – To capture the incredible experience.
Accommodation Options
There are various lodging options near Volcanoes National Park, ranging from luxury lodges to budget-friendly hotels:
Luxury Lodges
- Bisate Lodge – High-end accommodation with breathtaking views of the volcanoes.
- One&Only Gorilla’s Nest – A top-tier, exclusive resort offering premium services.
Mid-Range Lodges
- Five Volcanoes Boutique Hotel – Comfortable with great hospitality.
- Mountain Gorilla View Lodge – Offers close proximity to the park headquarters.
Budget Lodges
- Kinigi Guesthouse – Affordable accommodation for budget travelers.
- Muhabura Hotel – A simple yet comfortable stay.
Conservation Impact of Gorilla Trekking
Gorilla trekking is more than just tourism—it plays a crucial role in conservation and community development:
- Revenue from permits funds conservation programs, including ranger patrols, anti-poaching efforts, and habitat restoration.
- Local communities benefit through employment (guides, porters, hospitality staff) and a share of the park revenue.
- Scientific research on gorilla behavior and health is supported by tourism revenue.
Thanks to these efforts, the mountain gorilla population has been increasing. In 2018, a census estimated that there were over 1,000 mountain gorillas in the wild, up from just a few hundred decades ago.
Gorilla trekking in Volcanoes National Park is an unforgettable experience, offering visitors the chance to come face-to-face with one of nature’s most extraordinary creatures. Beyond the adventure, it is a journey into the heart of conservation, where every trekker contributes to the protection and survival of mountain gorillas.
For wildlife lovers, adventure seekers, and conservation enthusiasts, a trek through the misty jungles of Volcanoes National Park is truly a once-in-a-lifetime encounter.