Gishwati–Mukura National Park, Rwanda’s newest national park, is a biodiversity-rich rainforest located in the country’s western region. Established in 2015, the park covers an area of 34 square kilometers and consists of two distinct forests: Gishwati Forest and Mukura Forest. Despite being Rwanda’s smallest national park, it plays a critical role in conservation, reforestation, and ecotourism. The park is home to chimpanzees, golden monkeys, rare birds, and diverse plant species, making it an important sanctuary for endangered wildlife.
This park symbolizes Rwanda’s commitment to environmental restoration, as it was once heavily degraded due to human activities such as deforestation and farming. Today, through reforestation efforts, community engagement, and sustainable tourism, Gishwati–Mukura is gradually regaining its ecological balance and attracting more visitors.
History and Establishment
Gishwati–Mukura National Park was officially designated as a national park in 2015, making it Rwanda’s fourth national park after Volcanoes, Nyungwe, and Akagera. Before gaining protected status, the forests suffered from severe deforestation, caused by human settlement, agricultural expansion, and livestock grazing. By the early 2000s, Gishwati Forest had lost over 90% of its original size due to unsustainable land use.
Recognizing the urgent need for conservation, the Government of Rwanda, in collaboration with international conservation organizations, initiated a massive reforestation program. With support from the Great Ape Trust, the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), and the Forest of Hope Association, efforts to restore the ecosystem began, ultimately leading to the park’s establishment.
Today, Gishwati–Mukura National Park stands as a success story of forest restoration, conservation, and ecotourism.
Geography and Climate
The park consists of two separate forests:
- Gishwati Forest (located in Rutsiro District)
- Mukura Forest (located in Ngororero District)
Gishwati Forest is the larger of the two and is particularly known for its primate populations and diverse bird species. Mukura Forest, though smaller, contains some of the oldest and rarest trees in Rwanda.
Climate
Gishwati–Mukura National Park experiences a tropical montane climate, with temperatures ranging between 10°C and 25°C. The park receives significant rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of 1,500–2,500 mm, supporting the lush, dense vegetation.
Wildlife in Gishwati–Mukura National Park
Despite its relatively small size, Gishwati–Mukura National Park is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including primates, birds, mammals, and reptiles.
1. Primates
One of the park’s main attractions is its primate population. The park is home to:
- Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) – The most iconic species in the park, chimpanzees in Gishwati are slowly increasing due to conservation efforts.
- Golden Monkeys (Cercopithecus kandti) – Endemic to the Albertine Rift, these rare monkeys can be seen leaping between bamboo forests.
- Blue Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) – Found in both Gishwati and Mukura forests.
- L’Hoest’s Monkeys (Cercopithecus lhoesti) – A vulnerable species commonly found in Rwanda’s montane forests.
2. Birdlife
The park is a birdwatcher’s paradise, hosting over 230 bird species, including 20 Albertine Rift endemics. Notable bird species include:
- Rwenzori Turaco
- Grey Crowned Crane
- Mountain Yellow Warbler
- Red-throated Alethe
- Strange Weaver
- Dusky Crimsonwing
3. Other Wildlife
Apart from primates and birds, Gishwati–Mukura National Park is home to forest elephants, duikers, serval cats, and bushbucks. The park also supports a variety of amphibians, reptiles, and insects, contributing to its rich biodiversity.
Conservation and Restoration Efforts
The establishment of Gishwati–Mukura National Park was primarily driven by the need to restore and protect Rwanda’s dwindling forests. The park is now a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, emphasizing its importance in global conservation efforts.
Key Conservation Initiatives
- Reforestation Projects: More than 1,000 hectares of forest have been restored through tree planting initiatives.
- Chimpanzee and Primate Protection: Conservation groups closely monitor primate populations to ensure their continued growth.
- Community Involvement: Local communities are engaged in eco-tourism, beekeeping, and sustainable agriculture to reduce dependence on forest resources.
- Anti-Poaching Measures: Park rangers conduct regular patrols to prevent illegal activities such as hunting and logging.
Tourist Activities in Gishwati–Mukura National Park
Though still developing its tourism sector, Gishwati–Mukura National Park offers a range of exciting activities for visitors.
1. Chimpanzee and Primate Trekking
One of the park’s main attractions is chimpanzee trekking, where visitors can track wild chimpanzees in their natural habitat. Along the way, tourists may also encounter golden monkeys, blue monkeys, and L’Hoest’s monkeys.
2. Birdwatching
With its rich bird diversity, the park is a fantastic destination for bird lovers. Specialized guided tours allow visitors to spot rare and endemic bird species.
3. Nature Walks and Hiking
Visitors can explore the well-maintained hiking trails that wind through both forests, offering opportunities to see wildlife and breathtaking landscapes.
4. Cultural Experiences
Local communities around the park offer traditional Rwandan cultural experiences, including music, dance, and crafts. Tourists can also visit community-run projects such as beekeeping and handicraft workshops.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Gishwati–Mukura National Park is during the dry seasons:
- June to September – Ideal for trekking and hiking.
- December to February – Best time for birdwatching and wildlife viewing.
The wet seasons (March-May and October-November) bring heavy rains, making trails slippery but offering a lush, green landscape.
How to Get There
Gishwati–Mukura National Park is located about 155 km from Kigali, Rwanda’s capital.
- By Road: The drive from Kigali to the park takes approximately 3–4 hours via well-maintained roads.
- By Air: Private charter flights to nearby airstrips are available for quicker access.
Accommodation Options
Since tourism in Gishwati–Mukura is still developing, accommodation options are limited but growing:
- Gishwati Lodge – A luxury eco-lodge offering high-end accommodation.
- Guesthouses and lodges in Rubavu and Musanze – Budget-friendly options near the park.
Gishwati–Mukura National Park is a remarkable success story in conservation and ecological restoration. Despite its small size, the park is home to a rich variety of wildlife, including chimpanzees, golden monkeys, and rare bird species. Its transformation from a degraded forest to a protected area highlights Rwanda’s commitment to environmental sustainability.
As eco-tourism continues to develop in the park, visitors have the opportunity to experience its unique biodiversity, scenic landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. Whether trekking for chimpanzees, birdwatching, or enjoying nature walks, a visit to Gishwati–Mukura National Park promises an unforgettable adventure into Rwanda’s wild heart.